【論文】Synthesis
特徴
そもそも、summary との違いは？
Summary
Focus= what has been done for the topic of the interest
Summarise what has been done, Answer a question
Synthesis
Focus=what needs to be done, based on what has been done
Critique what has been done, Justify the need for research to fill in a gap in the field
(why it matters)
プロセス
- Literature search
- Identify key ideas (ex, index card method)
- Organize key ideas(based on similalities or differences, analytical methods, results, interpretations) build a case for new study に有効なカテゴリーを決める
- Synthesize key info, Build case for new research (within each category, 1) make logical flow of information, 2) compare and contrast, 3) critique the info you are presenting, 4) so what, why this info matters, how this info can contribute to the identification of the gap you are going to address, and in what ways these info indicates more research is needed in the field)
コツ
いろんなコツを観てみましょう。
１）Matrix を作る
Authors の情報でなく、Ideaをまとめるのが大事です。
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVt2mMG_gwE
やり終えた後は
The gap is real
The gap must be bridged
Your study is the ONLY logical way to do it
参考文献：
Steps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JYqz8yv82po
【自然】寄せ植えの名脇役カラーリーフ：トラデスカンチアとホスタ
トラデスカンチア （ラベンダー）
緑の葉に入る薄ピンクの縞斑（しまふ）が可憐で綺麗。
白い花も咲かせます。
ちなみんい、葉の周りが白くなる模様は覆輪（ふくりん）です。
ホスタ
日本原産の日陰で育つ植物の代表格です。
イングリッシュガーデンにもよく使われます。
7-9月には、清楚に立ち上がる白い花も楽しめます。
葉の色や形が豊富なのも特徴。
参考文献：
トラデスカンチア （ラベンダー）
https://www.shuminoengei.jp/m-pc/a-page_p_detail/target_plant_code-600
ホスタ
https://gardenstory.jp/plants/8737
縞斑
寄せ植えカラーリーフ図鑑
https://lovegreen.net/gardening/p173561/
【食生活】カレイの煮付け (simmered flounder)
カレイの煮付け
まず熱湯で匂いを取る。
砂糖大さじ４
濃口醤油大さじ３.５
みりん大さじ２.５をお鍋に入れてグツグツいうまでまつ (wait until it boils)
そこにカレイを入れて煮る (simmer on low for 5-10 mins after boiling)
【健康】お肌トラブルの原因は？
ニキビの原因は角質が硬くなっていること。
角質を柔らかくするには肌の潤いが必要です。
肌の潤いを保つためには、バリア機能が整っている必要があります。
肌が乾燥し、外部刺激を受けやすいということは、バリア機能が低下している証拠です。
敏感肌や乾燥肌は、このバリア機能が低下しています。
なぜなら、肌が生まれ変わり新しい角質層を作り出すサイクルであるターンオーバーが乱れ、角質層内の保湿性分が不足していることが原因の一つです。
ターンオーバーを整えるには、スキンケアによる保湿が大切です。
肌には本来、角質層内に水分を蓄えておく保湿力が備わっています。
3つの保湿成分があります。
アミノ酸は潤いの元、細胞間脂質(セラミドなど）は水分を守る、皮脂膜は肌の表面の膜となり、蒸散を防ぎます。
その保湿成分が十分にある状態がバリア機能を保っている状態。
保湿成分が不足しないように補ってあげること。
潤いの元のアミノ酸が角質層の中で安定して止まることができる肌のph値は弱酸性です。肌表面が弱酸性だと、常在菌のバランスも整います。乾燥がちの人はアルカリ性です。
乾燥状態になると、外部刺激への感受性が高まります。
痒くてかく、肌質に合わないスキンケアを続けている、乾燥レベルに対し保湿が不足。
それが続くと肌トラブルが深刻化し、さらにバリア機能が低下。
肌の水分が逃げて乾燥しやすく、紫外線などの外部刺激が侵入しやすくなります。
水分をとって保湿していくようにしましょう。
参考文献：
【論文】Literature review のやり方（基本:RQ,Key words,Database,Searching Lit, Analysis)
1. Research Question を決める
1. Choose a topic. Define your research question.
Your literature review should be guided by a central research question.
Remember, it is not a collection of loosely related studies in a field but instead represents background and research developments related to a specific research question, interpreted and analyzed by you in a synthesized way.
Tips:
- Make sure your research question is not too broad or too narrow. Is it manageable?
- Begin writing down terms that are related to your question. These will be useful for searches later.
- If you have the opportunity, discuss your topic with your professor.
2. Decide on the scope of your review.
How many studies do you need to look at? How comprehensive should it be? How many years should it cover?
Tip: This may depend on your assignment. How many sources does the assignment require?
3. Select the databases you will use to conduct your searches.
Make a list of the databases you will search. Remember to include comprehensive databases such as WorldCat and Dissertations & Theses, if you need to.
Where to find databases:
-
Find Databases by SubjectUWF Databases categorized by discipline
-
Find Databases via Research GuidesLibrarians create research guides for all of the disciplines on campus! Take advantage of their expertise and see what discipline-specific search strategies they recommend!
4. Conduct your searches and find the literature. Keep track of your searches!
- Review the abstracts of research studies carefully. This will save you time.
- Write down the searches you conduct in each database so that you may duplicate them if you need to later (or avoid dead-end searches that you'd forgotten you'd already tried).
- Use the bibliographies and references of research studies you find to locate others.
- Ask your professor or a scholar in the field if you are missing any key works in the field.
- Use RefWorks to keep track of your research citations. See the RefWorks Tutorial if you need help.
5. Review the literature.
Some questions to help you analyze the research:
- What was the research question of the study you are reviewing? What were the authors trying to discover?
- Was the research funded by a source that could influence the findings?
- What were the research methodologies? Analyze its literature review, the samples and variables used, the results, and the conclusions. Does the research seem to be complete? Could it have been conducted more soundly? What further questions does it raise?
- If there are conflicting studies, why do you think that is?
- How are the authors viewed in the field? Has this study been cited?; if so, how has it been analyzed?
Tips:
- Again, review the abstracts carefully.
- Keep careful notes so that you may track your thought processes during the research process.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
目的：
your purpose is to convey to your reader what knowledge and ideas have been established on a topic, and what their strengths and weaknesses are.
身に付くスキル：
- information seeking: the ability to scan the literature efficiently, using manual or computerized methods, to identify a set of useful articles and books
- critical appraisal: the ability to apply principles of analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies
参考文献：
大まかな流れ
https://libguides.uwf.edu/c.php?g=215199&p=1420520
analysis で使える質問
https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/types-of-writing/literature-review/
database の使い方 (PubMed)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnHvO5aRXq0
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